Posts Tagged ‘NY arT’

A Cultural History of the New York City Subway

Thursday, November 26th, 2009
arT and the Subway

arT and the Subway

During the recent Bay Bridge closure, there was much talk about how San Francisco Bay Area residents needed to become less car-dependent. Overlooked was the fact that the region’s many transportation systems collectively provide neither the 24-hour coverage nor geographic breadth to enable people to give up cars. In other words, the Bay Area’s public transit system is not in the same league as New York City’s legendary subway system, whose cultural and artistic significance is the subject of Tracy Fitzpatrick’s recent book, Art and the Subway: New York Underground. Fitzpatrick traces the subway from its opening in 1904 to the present, revealing how artists, writers, photographers and other cultural workers took advantage of the subway’s public and democratic milieu to forge their visions of society. She uncovers many surprising facts, such as the long history of subway graffiti, the use of guards to cram people into packed trains, and the ways in which artists captured the racial contradictions among a subway ridership that confounded traditional assumptions about the Melting Pot.

Although the New York City subway has entranced the public for over 100 years, Tracy Fitzpatrick’s book provides many new insights into its cultural and artistic significance. These insights begin with the fact that the system was originally designed under the elaborate City Beautiful architectural style, but soon took on a much different appearance when the far more simpler Arts and Craft style became dominant. I was also very surprised to learn that much of the subway was constructed underground while street traffic continued; the book contains photos showing how this was done.

The 1920’s and 30’s: The Golden Age of Subway Art

While Fitzpatrick traces subway art through Keith Haring and the graffiti writers of the 1980’s, I found the subway’s cultural contributions in the 1920’s and 1930’s the most compelling. Reginald Marsh, best known for his paintings of working-class visitors to Coney Island, also created cartoons and paintings for a newspaper series, “Subway Sunbeams.” Fitzpatrick reproduces many of Marsh’s cartoons, which address such issues as the extreme crowding which typified subways in the 1920’s – hence the guards to jam people in – and the often suppressed racial dynamic. In an era when immigrants were said to be “melting” their foreign backgrounds and becoming new Americans, Marsh showed that African-Americans stood out from other riders, not being allowed to “assimilate” into the crowd with fellow riders.

Fitzpatrick also shows the “Topsy Transit” pamphlets handed out by the Women’s City Club of New York (WCCNY) in 1937 as part of the ultimately successful campaign to unify all of the city’s three transit systems. Topsy Transit was a stereotyped black girl based on an Uncle Tom’s Cabin character described as a “pikaninny;” her wild and unkempt hair was put forth as symbolic of an out of control transit system needing unity. The fact that such strongly racist stereotypes would be openly used in New York City at that time is less surprising than their distribution by an organization that was far ahead of its time in advocating for child labor laws, juvenile justice and women’s rights.

These decades also saw painters like Max Weber, Joseph Stella and the Italian Futurist Fortunato Depero transform the subway into a subject of serious art. This would continue through the Federal Art Project of the New Deal, though a dramatic program for a full-scale subway arts program that emerged in 1936 ultimately failed. Part of the reason was opposition to public art from the precursors of today’s right-wing; one New York City Councilman argued that “the only other city with murals in its subway was Moscow,” while another feared that murals “might be used to plant un-American ideals.”

The “Happenings” of the 1960’s and 70’s

While many only know Yoko Ono as Beatle John Lennon’s wife, she was a key figure in the Fluxus art movement that emerged in the 1960’s and continued in one form or another for decades. Artists associated with Fluxus were the first to engage in performance art in the subway, with Ono holding a thirteen-day event in the Canal Street Station in 1966.

Through such acts as walking through a subway train in flippers, mask and full scuba diving attire, or wearing clothes soaked for a week in vinegar, performance artist pursued their investigations into human behavior. And the fact that the subway was the arena reflects its status as the most public and democratic of spaces in this increasingly privatized age.

The Graffiti of the 1980’

While photos of graffiti-dominated subway cars are common, few may be aware that as far back as the 1930’s there was talk about the “subway Rembrandts” who “paint mustaches on the girls on advertising posters.” Such doctoring of ads was so pervasive that by 1961 the authorities placed posters of blank human heads with instructions to the public, “Please, if you mark something – use these.”

Fitzpatrick does not question that much of the graffiti that often filled every space on the outside of a subway car is art, but she does show how by defacing subway maps, some of these writers undermined public safety and the system’s operation. The ability of writers to deface subways coincided with other increasing system problems in the 1970’s and 1980’s, and it was really not until 1990 that graffiti was eliminated and the subway system became safer and more reliable.

As might be expected from a book with “art” in its title, Fitzpatrick offers readers an extraordinary collection of illustrations to support her text. Many, like the Marsh cartoons, are rarely seen. The book’s visuals more than compensate for its unusual structure, with there being often little connection between chapters. Fitzpatrick chose to proceed thematically rather than chronologically, which left me wondering, for example, why Yiddish plays of the 1920’s set in the subway, or King Vidor’s 1928 film The Crowd were discussed in the book’s next to last chapter. The book’s origins as a dissertation likely explains its discussion of some obscure artists whose minimal contributions to subway culture could have been bypassed.

This is a book for people who love the subway and want to learn more about its cultural legacy. Fitzpatrick has retrieved long missing components of the subway’s historic role, offering even longtime riders a new perspective on their means of getting around.

Source: BeyondChron

The Tiniest Plot of Private Property in New York

Sunday, September 27th, 2009

Or at least until the 1930s, anyway. At the corner of Christopher Street and Seventh Avenue South in the West Village, in front of the iconic Village Cigars store, lies this blink-and-you’ll-miss-it mosaic embedded in the sidewalk.

The tiniest plot of private property in New York

The tiniest plot of private property in New York

Its tough-talking message: “Property of the Hess Estate Which Has Never Been Dedicated For Public Purposes.”

What’s the backstory? In the 1910s, when the city was expanding the IRT subway line, officials tore down a nearby apartment building owned by the estate of a New Yorker named David Hess.

A small triangle of land was left over, and officials wanted the Hess family to donate it so the city could extend the sidewalk.

Nothing doing. The Hess Estate fought it out in court, won the right to preserve their little plot, and embedded the tile plaque as kind of a victory symbol. In 1938, however, they sold it to the Village Cigar owners.

Source: Ephemeral New York

Unique 1-Person Camper Appears on Beijing Streets

Friday, August 21st, 2009
Kevin Cyrs camper bike in Beijing

Kevin Cyr's camper bike in Beijing

Brooklyn-based Artist Kevin Cyr has designed this unique carry-your-own RV, according to Budget Travel. It began as a two-dimensional work of art — the bulk of Cyr’s works depict (or use as canvases) run-down buses, ice cream trucks and hoopties of all sorts — but this one actually came to life, so to speak, in 2008, when Cyr constructed a prototype version of a functional bike-drawn camper in Beijing, China. The artist hasn’t taken the bike beyond Beijing’s outskirts himself. Details and other specifications of the unique RV– including how to balance the unit — were not available. For a look at more of Cyr’s work visit the Alden Gallery in Provincetown, Mass.; a new show opens Aug. 21. Go to this link for more images of the one-person camper: www.inhabitat.com/2009/08/18/camper-bike-pedal-powered-rv-for-one/

Source: rvbusiness.com

From de Kooning to hookers, 50 years in the Downtown art scene

Friday, August 21st, 2009
From de Kooning to hookers, 50 years in the Downtown art scene

From de Kooning to hookers, 50 years in the Downtown art scene

Leonard Rosenfeld stood beside his latest self-portrait, wavering slightly.

The piece, in green, fuchsia and black pastel, hung in Rosenfeld’s hospital room at N.Y.U. Medical Center, where he was awaiting heart surgery last week. In the drawing, Rosenfeld, 82, clenched a paintbrush; his goatee and black-framed glasses made the resemblance unmistakable.

Rosenfeld’s wife and friends, who gathered at the hospital last week, were careful to refer to the drawing, completed a week earlier, as the artist’s “latest,” not his “last.” And Rosenfeld was in good spirits as well, despite his bandages and institutional surroundings. With growing vigor, he told stories from his half-century in New York’s Downtown arts scene, encompassing everything from the wild ’50s and ’60s to the more sedate present.

“Those days were pretty intense,” he said of his start in the decades after World War II. “That’s when art, you were really with it every moment, not like today.”

Rosenfeld’s expressionist work vibrates with sharp lines and overt feeling, whether in his early black-crayon drawings of elevated railroad tracks or his more recent oil paintings of soldiers in the Iraq War. The figures in his paintings often loom large and exaggerated, and he juxtaposes images of Minnie Mouse and guns, or a toilet and an American flag, to make political points.

Among his most nontraditional works are his “wire paintings,” in which he wrapped colorful wire around rectangular canvas stretchers to create representational images. The wire paintings sell for five figures.

Some of Rosenfeld’s strongest memories from his career come from the Cedar Tavern, the bar on University Pl. that served as informal headquarters of the abstract expressionist movement in the 1950s and ’60s.

“Everybody was there,” Rosenfled said, listing his friends Willem de Kooning and Franz Kline. Jackson Pollock was a regular, too, but he was in the Hamptons when Rosenfeld arrived on the scene and he was killed there before Rosenfeld could meet him.

Art was a common topic of conversation — de Kooning, in particular, would speak of nothing else — but the Cedar was far from a buttoned-up affair. Rosenfeld once found de Kooning lying in the gutter outside, passed out and covered in money. Rosenfeld collected the bills, gave them to the bartender, and dragged de Kooning home. After settling de Kooning into bed, Rosenfeld returned to the Cedar, where, several hours later, he was surprised to see the artist walk in, cleaned up and ready to continue drinking.

Another night, de Kooning recalled overhearing Clement Greenberg and another art critic talking at the Cedar. When Greenberg said Pollock was the greatest painter of the day, de Kooning turned around and slapped the critic in the face. The men jumped on each other and started throwing punches, until Rosenfeld and others stepped in to separate them.

Rosenfeld also recalled a deal he witnessed between Kline and an art collector, in which Kline agreed to trade several of his mammoth black-and-white paintings to the collector in exchange for a brand-new Ferrari shipped directly from Italy. Kline and the art collector shook on it, and shortly thereafter Kline drove up to the Cedar in his new Ferrari, which Rosenfeld said became a regular fixture out front.

As Rosenfeld described the all-night loft parties, the artists who grew rich overnight and the sudden death of Andy Warhol, he shook his head.

“Those were moments, they were like a movie script,” Rosenfeld said. “Everybody was pretty wild.”

“You’ll never have a scene like that again,” Rosenfeld added. “That was truly like a renaissance…a modern renaissance. Everything went dead after that, as far as I’m concerned. The whole art scene kind of died after abstract expressionism.”

Rosenfeld isn’t an abstract expressionist himself, because he felt that type of work had already been done. Rosenfeld’s work has a similar intensity but is representational and often tells a story. He takes inspiration from current events and his own observations, and much of his work makes a political statement.

“I never really had any goals,” Rosenfeld said. “The only goal is what I was doing immediately.”

Rosenfeld’s artwork has drawn many acolytes, including Danny Simmons, an artist and gallery owner who was recently named chairperson of the New York State Council on the Arts, and who is also Russell Simmons’ brother.

“Len’s work is direct,” Simmons said by phone this week. “You get a certain feeling about the artist, what he thinks about and what he feels about it.”

Simmons has shown Rosenfeld’s work several times, including a solo exhibit of post-9/11 paintings that reflect Rosenfeld’s memories of the day, which include seeing people jump from the smoking towers. After 9/11, Rosenfeld did a series of paintings depicting pink angels floating against a background of multicolored dots, reflecting the confusion over how to “connect the dots” of what happened that day.

Simmons thinks Rosenfeld is under-recognized in the art world because he doesn’t promote himself the way other artists do.

“He spent his time being an artist,” Simmons said. “Len just does the work, and he’s really successful with the work.”

Rosenfeld’s longtime friend, the artist Vernita Nemec, likes Rosenfeld’s work because it is personal.

“He’s got a very aggressive approach to reality,” Nemec said. “It’s never abstract. There’s always a kind of strength.”

Rosenfeld’s projects often start with big ideas — like the General David Petraeus quote referring to the Iraq War, “Tell me how this ends?” — but his process remains focused on the act of creating art.

As he works, Rosenfeld said, “I’m not feeling anything else but what it requires to do the painting or the drawing.”

Asked what he wanted to do next, Rosenfeld at first turned glum.

“I don’t know if I’m going to do anything next,” he said. But after a few minutes Rosenfeld perked up, and interrupted another thought to add, “I’d like to do something very big, like the size of the wall,” he said. “But I don’t know what it would be exactly.”

Rosenfeld had heart surgery Tuesday, several days after the interview, to replace his aortic valve. The next day, his wife Janet Hoffman said he was recovering as well as could be expected.

Rosenfeld’s memory is still strong, but it sometimes requires a jump-start, usually provided by Hoffman, a lawyer. During the interview last week, Hoffman, 63, encouraged her husband to tell a reporter how he made his early railroad drawings.

“How did I make them?” Rosenfeld asked.

“Well, you tell her,” Hoffman replied.

“I don’t know — I’m asking you how I made them,” Rosenfeld said.

“You remember,” Hoffman said, and it turned out that he did. Rosenfeld paused, then launched into the narrative of his 1957 railroad drawings: how he perched on elevated train stations in Brooklyn and Queens, sketching furiously with black crayon, using sharp lines to render the tracks weaving between the buildings.

Several of the drawings are on display now in the Van Der Plas Gallery on Pier 17 until Aug. 28.

“It just comes from his soul,” said Adriaan van der Plas, who has owned the Seaport gallery for 18 years. The railroad drawings are among Rosenfeld’s strongest work because of their immediacy, van der Plas said.

Rosenfeld also has several upcoming exhibits, including a show opening Oct. 15 at Salomon Arts in Tribeca and one opening mid-September at Sabay, a Thai restaurant in Jackson Heights.

Rosenfeld was born in Brooklyn in 1926 and was drafted to serve in World War II while still in high school. During the war, while posted in Guam, he filled the walls of a warehouse with “lascivious, pornographic drawings,” as he put it. When a general discovered the drawings during a routine inspection, Rosenfeld expected to be reprimanded. But instead, the general asked if he could take some of the drawings to keep.

“I said, ‘Sure, take what you want,’” Rosenfeld said.

After the war, Rosenfeld attended The Art Students League on 57th St. and then spent the next decade alternating between collecting unemployment and working in odd jobs like framing and delivering food. Rosenfeld also married a woman he met at art school and they had two daughters together, but the marriage didn’t last. All the while, Rosenfeld continued creating art.

His first break came in 1980 when he convinced Ivan Karp, owner of the OK Harris Gallery in Soho, to show some of his large minimalist paintings. Karp’s support immediately brought in buyers and also helped Rosenfeld get shows elsewhere.

Rosenfeld has lived in Lower Manhattan for over 40 years and can’t imagine living elsewhere.

“Why did I stay?” he said, echoing a reporter’s query. “It was never a question of that.”

Rosenfeld lived and worked on Forsyth St. between Broome and Grand Sts. from 1958 until 1991. The neighborhood inspired his “hookers and pimps” series in the 1980s, when the material was literally on his doorstep.

“Day and night we had hookers,” Rosenfeld said, cracking a smile. “The hookers were alright, but the pimps could be pretty rough.”

Rosenfeld frequently saw prostitutes and johns, including a rabbi one time having sex in Sara D. Roosevelt Park across the street from his apartment.

Rosenfeld had a standing joke with the prostitutes who hung out in front of his apartment.

“One of them would come over to me and she’d grab me — by the balls — and she’d say, ‘How ’bout a date, Pop?’” Rosenfeld said, laughing. “And they’d all wait for me [to respond] and I would say, ‘Stay cool baby.’ Every morning. And they would all start laughing — that was like the morning joke.”

The neighborhood changed when Chinese immigrants arrived in droves. More children were around and the prostitutes disappeared. Rosenfeld’s landlord tried to throw him out, but he won a court battle to stay.

Still, when Rosenfeld married for the second time in 1991, he realized it was time to move. Hoffman, his new wife, deserved better quarters than a shared hallway bathroom, and they settled on a live/work space in the Financial District, where they have lived ever since.

The rabbi who married the couple asked why they didn’t just move up to Hoffman’s apartment on E. 79th St.

Rosenfeld explained his reasoning: “I got five grapefruits for a dollar Downtown,” he recalled telling the rabbi. “You had to spend a dollar to get one grapefruit in her neighborhood Uptown. The rabbi said, ‘Oh, I understand.’”

Rosenfeld’s work is on display at the Van Der Plas Gallery on Pier 17 through Aug. 28, open 10 a.m. to 9 p.m. daily (vanderplasgallery.com, 212-227-8983).

By Julie Shapiro
Source: www.downtownexpress.com

This year’s regional a refreshing look at local art scene

Friday, July 24th, 2009

Petcha Kucha is an informal Japanese lecture format that allows one presenter 20 images and 20 seconds to discuss each. With as many as dozen lecturers, the idea is to bring myriad ideas and subject matter together without getting bogged down.

The “2009 Artists of the Mohawk Hudson Region” is much the same way: condensed and diverse. In the 76th annual survey of recent art made within a 100-mile radius of Albany, no single artwork dominates the two-floor gallery at the University Art Museum. A sparseness envelopes the 35-artist exhibit that’s usually jammed with well-known artists whose works tend to muscle out others. Though Petcha Kucha is roughly translated as chatter, the exhibit is quiet and understated.

That can be attributed to juror Mathew Higgs’ keen sense of tone, texture and form. Director of White Columns, an alternative arts space in Manhattan, Higgs chose “idiosyncratic” examples from 1,200 images submitted that display a strong identity on their own terms.

He’s included more new faces than in recent memory, a refreshing development for a show that has become predictable.

The weathered paintings of Marje Derrick, the quirky paper-mache snow globe of Gail Kort, the South Park-like drawings by Brian Cirmo, the whimsical fabric of Barbara Todd and the suspended burlap sachet by Georgia Wohnsen join sculptures, drawings and photographs by more established artists such as Sharon Bates, Harold Lohner and Jim Florsdorf.

For the most part, absent is hard-edged social realism, the heavily conceptual art so common today, and, except for Abe Ferrarro’s massive light switch in “One Morning I Woke Up with a Bright Idea,” there are not any elaborate multimedia installations.

What’s left is an exhibit that blurs the line between fine arts and traditional crafts in a homespun kind of way. More than a quarter of them take fabric, string, thread, construction paper — things more associated with home than a studio — and turn them into quirky objects with humor. It’s a lighthearted exhibit that revels in design for design’s sake.

The paper relief “Direction” by Laura Cannamela finds an eloquent depth of field through indentions in its plaster like substance, while the Persian wool “Fugue #19″ by Mark Olshansky uses stitches to illustrate geometric abstractions like rings on a tree.

Mocking the German tradition of figurines, Joan McKeon’s series of four clay statuettes add looks of exasperation, consternation, and downright suffering. All of them are achingly trapped in their bodies and roles, crying to get on with something different.

Lori Lupe Pellish’s “”Boy Dreams II” captures innocent’s lost in a decorative tapestry. Made with intricate weaves of fiber and dark, rich colors, it hangs like a canvass with deeply etched brushstrokes sensually conveying the coming of age. “Portable Forest Floor” by Dorene Quinn employs leaves, muslin, cotton and thread to contrast nicely with the spotted concrete floor at the entrance. Lying flat on the ground, it blends in so well; don’t be surprised if you find yourself sidestepping it.

Like “Portable Forest Floor,” the exhibit pleasantly catches you off guard through its hushed tones, subtle humor and homey designs. It is a gentle challenge to the notion that contemporary art has to be pushy and bombastic to succeed.

Tim Kane is a freelance writer from Albany and a frequent contributor to the Times Union.

Fast Talk

What: Slide show and lecture with artists from the Mohawk Hudson regional: Sharon Bates, Brian Cirmo, Richard Garrison, Kelly Jones, Harold Lohner and Dorene Quinn.
Where: University Art Museum, University at Albany. 1400 Washington Ave., Albany
When: 7-9 tonight
Cost: Free
Exhibit hours: 11 a.m.-4 p.m. Tuesday through Saturday, through Aug. 8
Contact: 442-4035; www.albany.edu/museum

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